Journal
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
Volume 204, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103180
Keywords
Mass extinction; delta C-13(org); Norian; Rhaetian; Late Triassic; LIPs; Meteorite crater
Categories
Funding
- University of Padova [CPDA152211/15]
- Italian MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca) [PRIN 2017W2MARE]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [16KK0104, 17H02975]
- Australian Research Council [LP150100341]
- NSF CAREER grant [1654088]
- GNS Science Zealandia Programme
- MBIE (Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment
- New Zealand Government)
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1654088] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H02975, 16KK0104] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Australian Research Council [LP150100341] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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The latest Triassic was an interval of prolonged biotic extinction culminating in the end-Triassic Extinction (ETE). The ETE is now associated with a perturbation of the global carbon cycle just before the end of the Triassic that has been attributed to the extensive volcanism of the Circum-Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). However, we attribute the onset of declining latest Triassic diversity to an older perturbation of the carbon cycle (delta C-13 or d of global extent at or very close to the Norian/Rhaetian boundary (NRB). The NRB appears to be the culmination of stepwise biotic turnovers that characterize the latest Triassic and includes global extinctions of significant marine and terrestrial fossil groups. These biotic events across the NRB have been largely underappreciated, yet together with a coeval disturbance of the carbon cycle were pivotal in the history of the Late Triassic. Here, we present new and published delta C-13 org data from widespread sections (Italy, Greece, ODP, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada). These sections document a previously unknown perturbation in the carbon cycle of global extent that spanned the NRB. The disturbance extended across the Panthalassa Ocean to both sides of the Pangaean supercontinent and is recorded in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The onset of stepwise Late Triassic extinctions coincides with carbon perturbation (delta C-13 org ) at the NRB, indicating that a combination of climatic and environmental changes impacted the biota at a global scale. The NRB event may have been triggered either by gas emissions from the eruption of a large igneous province pre-dating the NRB, by a bolide impact of significant size or by some alternative source of greenhouse gas emissions. As yet, it has not been possible to clearly determine which of these trigger scenarios was responsible; the evidence is insufficient to decisively identify the causal mechanism and merits further study.
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