Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
Volume 61, Issue -, Pages 69-74Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.03.002
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Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP17H05013, JP19K23736, JP18H05531, JP18K19310]
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Vehicle Racing Commemorative Foundation
- Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund
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Appropriate gene expression is essential for producing the correct amount of proteins at the right time, which is critical for living organisms. In the three-dimensional (3D) space of the nucleus, genomes are folded into higher order chromatin structures that are intimately associated with epigenetic factors, including histone modifications and nuclear long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs regulate transcription for both activation and repression, either in cis or in trans. Many ncRNAs are expressed in development-specific, differentiation-specific, and disease-specific manners, suggesting that they are critical regulators for organ generation and maintenance. In this review, we mainly describe the following ncRNAs: Xist, involved in X chromosome inactivation, Firre, which serves as a platform for trans-chromosomal associations, and UMLILO and ELEANORS, which co-regulate genes involved in the immune response and breast cancer, respectively. These ncRNAs are gene regulators in the context of the 3D genome structure.
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