Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in zebrafish liver cells

The purpose of the present study was to examine the antioxidant and oxidative stress changes in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells in the presence of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). When reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant levels were measured by immunoassay, significant differences were observed between MEHP-treated and control cells, while catalase levels did not change in any group. MEHP-treated cells had higher levels of ROS, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) than control cells. However, lower levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in MEHP-treated cells compared to control cells. After 24 h of MEHP treatment, ROS, SOD, GPx, and GST activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular lipid droplet formation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were both induced in the presence of MEHP. These findings demonstrated the potential impacts of the association of MEHP with adverse outcomes in fish liver. Future studies will focus on clarifying the molecular mechanism of phthalate toxicity via oxidative stress and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor as the major mechanistic pathway.