Journal
COASTAL ENGINEERING
Volume 157, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103634
Keywords
Water levels; Tidal amplitudes; River discharge; Tidal forcing; Nonstationary harmonic analysis
Categories
Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFC0405900]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC] [41676078]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2017B21514, 2018B13114]
- Belt and Road Special Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [2019490111]
- Open Research Foundation of Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuarine Dynamics and Associated Process Regulation, Ministry of Water Resources [2017KJ04, 2018KJ05]
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [NWO-TTW 17062]
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The spectrum of tidal and subtidal water level variations in river deltas responds to river discharge variation, ocean tides, and human activities of many kinds. It remains a contemporary challenge to identify the main sources of changes in tidal dynamics in deltas, because of nonlinear interactions between tides and the river discharge in a changing setting. Understanding the main forcing factors controlling the evolution of mean water levels and the associated amplitudes and phases of tidal constituents can help to understand the causes of floods and the occurrence of low flows hindering navigation. Here, a nonstationary harmonic analysis tool (NS TIDE) is applied to hydrological data from 14 stations in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) spanning the period 1961-2012. The water levels and main tidal constituent properties are decomposed into contributions of external forcing by river discharges and ocean tides, providing insight into the nonstationary tidal-fluvial processes. Significant temporal trends in mean water levels and tidal properties are observed in the PRD. Results indicate that there is spatial variability in the response of mean water levels and tidal properties to river discharge variation in the delta. The abrupt changes in bathymetry in the delta due to intensive sand excavation are likely responsible for the observed spatial variations in tidal response, which reduce the flood-dominant tidal asymmetry in this area.
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