Journal
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
Volume 39, Issue 9, Pages 2515-2522Publisher
SPRINGER LONDON LTD
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05082-8
Keywords
AIDS; Anti-TNF and disease modifying drugs; Arthritis; Bone diseases; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and rheumatic diseases; Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; Rheumatic manifestations; Spondyloarthritis
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Rheumatic manifestations remain an important clinical manifestation associated to HIV. To date after 4 decades of the onset of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, almost 37 million individuals are living with the infection, including close to 2 million of newly infected individuals. The status, however, of a considerable proportion of HIV/AIDS patients has changed from a near fatal disorder secondary to opportunistic infections to a chronic disease in which renal cardiovascular, diabetes, malignancy, and autoimmune co-morbid disorders have become prevalent and relevant. In addition, the spectrum of rheumatic disorders also has changed since the introduction of HAART and its diagnosis and treatment represents a challenge. The purpose of this review is to define and discuss the HIV-related rheumatic manifestations in the pre- and post-HAART eras.
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