Association between condylar position changes and functional outcomes after condylar reconstruction by free fibular flap

Objectives Stable and appropriate condyle positioning is necessary for maintaining temporomandibular joint function. It is unclear if this position remains stable in patients after free fibular flap (FFF) condylar reconstruction. We investigated whether condylar position deviated after reconstruction, and whether this affected functional recovery. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed 43 patients who underwent conventional FFF condylar reconstruction, and 5 patients who underwent reconstruction by computer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) printing methods. Three-dimensional models were built from cone-beam computed tomography images obtained immediately postoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. The glenoid fossa and fibular condyle centers were used to measure the fibular condyle position in the models. Clinical examination indices, including maximum mouth opening (MMO), pain during chewing/mouth opening, and patient satisfaction with mastication and 1-year outcomes were assessed. Results Fibular condyle position changed significantly over 1 year in both groups (P < 0.05). Clinical examination at 1 year after the surgery showed that in the conventional group, the MMO range was >= 35 mm in 76.7% of patients and < 35 mm in 23.3% of patients; 4.7% experienced pain during chewing/mouth opening, and 7% were dissatisfied with treatment outcomes. In the 3D printing group, all patients had an MMO range exceeding 35 mm, none had pain, and all were satisfied with functional outcomes. Conclusions The position of the fibular condyle deviates after reconstructive surgery, but it is unlikely to affect functional recovery.

Automated summary

Stable and appropriate condyle positioning is crucial for temporomandibular joint function. This study investigated the effects of fibular condyle reconstruction on condylar position stability and functional recovery. Results showed that 3D printing reconstruction group had better functional outcomes, suggesting it as a potential method for reconstructive surgery.