Journal
CHEMBIOCHEM
Volume 21, Issue 14, Pages 1955-1967Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900778
Keywords
Catechols; host-pathogen interface; iron; iron uptake; metal nutrient acquisition; siderophores
Funding
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R35 GM118157, R01 AI101171]
- Indiana University
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Sequestration of the essential nutrient iron from bacterial invaders that colonize the vertebrate host is a central feature of nutritional immunity and the fight over transition metals at the host-pathogen interface. The iron quota for many bacterial pathogens is large, as iron enzymes often make up a significant share of the metalloproteome. Iron enzymes play critical roles in respiration, energy metabolism, and other cellular processes by catalyzing a wide range of oxidation-reduction, electron transfer, and oxygen activation reactions. In this Concept article, we discuss recent insights into the diverse ways that bacterial pathogens acquire this essential nutrient, beyond the well-characterized tris-catecholate Fe-III complexes, in competition and cooperation with significant host efforts to cripple these processes. We also discuss pathogen strategies to adapt their metabolism to less-than-optimal iron concentrations, and briefly speculate on what might be an integrated adaptive response to the concurrent limitation of both iron and zinc in the infected host.
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