Journal
CELL RESEARCH
Volume 30, Issue 6, Pages 507-519Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0337-2
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Funding
- NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000457, UL1 TR002384] Funding Source: Medline
- NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA008748] Funding Source: Medline
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Immunotherapy holds the potential to induce durable responses, but only a minority of patients currently respond. The etiologies of primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy are multifaceted, deriving not only from tumor intrinsic factors, but also from the complex interplay between cancer and its microenvironment. In addressing frontiers in clinical immunotherapy, we describe two categories of approaches to the design of novel drugs and combination therapies: the first involves direct modification of the tumor, while the second indirectly enhances immunogenicity through alteration of the microenvironment. By systematically addressing the factors that mediate resistance, we are able to identify mechanistically-driven novel approaches to improve immunotherapy outcomes.
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