Journal
CELL
Volume 165, Issue 2, Pages 276-287Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.001
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Funding
- Ligue contre le Cancer (equipe labelisee)
- Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)-Projets blancs
- ANR
- ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases
- Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC)
- Canceropole Ile-de-France
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa)
- Institut Universitaire de France
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM)
- European Commission (ArtForce)
- European Research Council (ERC)
- LeDucq Foundation
- LabEx Immuno-Oncology
- SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE)
- SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM)
- Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI)
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR)
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Anticancer immune responses can be considered a desirable form of autoimmunity that may be profoundly shaped by the microbiome. Here, we discuss evidence for the microbiome's influence on anti-tumor immunosurveillance, including those that are indirect and can act at a distance, and we put forward hypotheses regarding mechanisms of how these effects are implemented. These may involve cross-reactivity between microbial and tumor antigens shaping T cell repertoires and/or microbial products stimulating pattern recognition receptors that influence the type and intensity of immune responses. Understanding how the microbiome impacts natural cancer immunosurveillance as well as treatment-induced immune responses will pave the way for more effective therapies and prophylactics.
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