Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
Volume 105, Issue 3, Pages 299-305Publisher
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316051
Keywords
orbit; treatment medical; drugs
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Thyroid eye disease (TED) affects 25% of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism, and a subset of patients require medical treatment to reduce the activity and severity of the disease. Current medical treatments include intravenous corticosteroids and immunotherapies targeting different molecular pathways such as teprotumumab.
Thyroid eye disease (TED) affects 25% of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism, where 1 in 20 patients has active, moderate-to-severe disease that will require medical treatment for reducing TED activity and severity. Intravenous corticosteroid has been the mainstay of treatment for active moderate-to-severe TED. With improved understanding of the pathophysiology of TED, immunotherapy targeting different molecular pathways including T cells, B cells, cytokines and cell surface receptors have been investigated in randomised clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the current advances in medical treatment including teprotumumab, tocilizumab, rituximab and mycophenolate and the indications for their use in the management of active, moderate-to-severe TED.
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