Intervention study to evaluate the importance of information given to patients with contact allergy: a randomized, investigator-blinded clinical trial

Background In contact dermatitis, it is crucial to understand and remember the outcome of patch testing. Unfortunately, many patients do not remember the results of their patch tests. Objectives Our aim was to evaluate the effects of an intervention programme in which extensive information on specific contact allergy was provided, in individuals with positive patch test reactions. Methods The study was designed as a randomized, investigator-blinded clinical trial. Participants with positive test reactions were randomized into two groups that received either standard information according to clinical routine or standard information and a reminder letter. Knowledge of contact allergies was evaluated using questionnaires 12 months after inclusion. Results There were 184 adults included in the trial and the response rate at 1-year follow-up was 78% (143 of 184). Sixty-five per cent (45 of 69) in the intervention group and 54% (40 of 74) in the control group reported the correct name of the allergen (P = 0 center dot 23). Participants with several - as opposed to few - positive patch test reactions had difficulty in remembering the correct names of the allergens (P = 0 center dot 001). Moreover, the type of allergy had an influence on their ability to remember the name of the allergen correctly and their ability to make changes in lifestyle. Conclusions The intervention performed did not significantly affect the participants' ability to remember their contact allergy. To achieve better knowledge and changes in lifestyle, efforts to inform should concentrate on individuals with several positive patch test reactions, those with particular allergens, individuals over 60 years of age, and - concerning changes in lifestyle - males. What is already known about this topic? Patch testing is crucial for patients with contact dermatitis. The ability to remember and understand the outcome of the patch testing is fundamental. Unfortunately, many patients do not remember or have misunderstood the results of their patch tests. Patients who require more information should be identified. What does this study add? This study suggests that participants' ability to remember and understand their patch test results, and also to make changes in lifestyle, are dependent on factors such as the number of contact allergies, which allergy they have, age and sex. The results highlight the importance of making further efforts to gain higher efficacy in the information and education given. It is therefore valuable to take special care with these patients and to cautiously educate and inform them about the results of patch tests.

Automated summary

In patients with contact dermatitis, an intervention program providing extensive information on specific contact allergies did not significantly improve participants' ability to remember their contact allergy. Efforts to inform and educate should focus on individuals with multiple positive patch test reactions, specific allergens, those over 60 years old, and males for better knowledge and lifestyle changes.