Journal
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
Volume 89, Issue -, Pages 32-42Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.063
Keywords
Stress; Neuroinflammation; Inflammasome; NLRP3; Priming; Microglia
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01MH108523]
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Prior exposure to acute and chronic stressors potentiates the neuroinflammatory and microglial pro-inflammatory response to subsequent immune challenges suggesting that stressors sensitize or prime microglia. Stress-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in this priming phenomenon, however the duration/persistence of these effects has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined whether exposure to a single acute stressor (inescapable tailshock) induced a protracted priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome as well as the neuroinflammatory, behavioral and microglial proinflammatory response to a subsequent immune challenge in hippocampus. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, acute stress potentiated the neuroinflammatory response (IL-1 beta, IL-6, and NF kappa BI alpha) to an immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) administered 8 days after stressor exposure. Acute stress also potentiated the proinflammatory cytokine response (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF and NF kappa BI alpha) to LPS ex vivo. This stress-induced priming of microglia also was observed 28 days post-stress. Furthermore, challenge with LPS reduced juvenile social exploration, but not sucrose preference, in animals exposed to stress 8 days prior to immune challenge. Exposure to acute stress also increased basal mRNA levels of NLRP3 and potentiated LPS-induction of caspase-1 mRNA and protein activity 8 days after stress. The present findings suggest that acute stress produces a protracted vulnerability to the neuroinflammatory effects of subsequent immune challenges, thereby increasing risk for stress-related psychiatric disorders with an etiological inflammatory component. Further, these findings suggest the unique possibility that acute stress might induce innate immune memory in microglia.
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