4.7 Article

Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pinewood nematode insect vector Monochamus alternatus Hope and the host tree Pinus massoniana

Journal

BMC GENOMICS
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6718-6

Keywords

Monochamus alternatus Hope; Pinus massoniana; Microbial community; 16S rDNA; Diversity analysis

Funding

  1. National Key Research and Development Program [2017YFD0600105]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [31601905, U1905201]
  3. Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University [xjq201614]
  4. China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2017 M612107]
  5. Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province [2018 N5002]
  6. Forestry Science Research Project of Fujian Forestry Department [Minlinke (2017) 03]
  7. Forest Science Peak Project of College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University [71201800720, 71201800753, 71201800779]
  8. Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of China [201910389009]

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Background Monochamus alternatus Hope is one of the insect vectors of pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), which causes the destructive pine wilt disease. The microorganisms within the ecosystem, comprising plants, their environment, and insect vectors, form complex networks. This study presents a systematic analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the M. alternatus midgut and its habitat niche. Methods Total DNA was extracted from 20 types of samples (with three replicates each) from M. alternatus and various tissues of healthy and infected P. massoniana (pines). 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the bacterial microbiota in each sample. Moreover, the relative abundances of bacteria in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae were verified by counting the colony-forming units. Results Pinewood nematode infection increased the microbial diversity in pines. Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Dyella, Mycobacterium, and Mucilaginibacter were the dominant bacterial genera in the soil and infected pines. These results indicate that the bacterial community in infected pines may be associated with the soil microbiota. Interestingly, the abundance of the genus Gryllotalpicola was highest in the bark of infected pines. The genus Cellulomonas was not found in the midgut of M. alternatus, but it peaked in the phloem of infected pines, followed by the phloem of heathy pines. Moreover, the genus Serratia was not only present in the habitat niche, but it was also enriched in the M. alternatus midgut. The colony-forming unit assays showed that the relative abundance of Serratia sp. peaked in the midgut of instar II larvae (81%). Conclusions Overall, the results indicate that the bacterial microbiota in the soil and in infected pines are correlated. The Gryllotalpicola sp. and Cellulomonas sp. are potential microbial markers of pine wilt disease. Additionally, Serratia sp. could be an ideal agent for expressing insecticidal protein in the insect midgut by genetic engineering, which represents a new use of microbes to control M. alternatus.

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