Modeling continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data during sleep

We introduce a multilevel functional Beta model to quantify the blood glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitors for multiple days in study participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The model estimates the subject-specific marginal quantiles, quantifies the within- and between-subject variability, and produces interpretable parameters of blood glucose dynamics as a function of time from the actigraphy-estimated sleep onset. Results are validated via simulations and by studying the association between the estimated model parameters and hemoglobin A1c, the gold standard for assessing glucose control in diabetes.

Automated summary

We propose a multilevel functional Beta model to analyze continuous blood glucose monitoring data in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The model estimates subject-specific blood glucose levels, quantifies within- and between-subject variability, and provides interpretable parameters for blood glucose dynamics. The model results are validated through simulations and by studying the association with hemoglobin A1c, the gold standard for assessing glucose control in diabetes.