Journal
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
Volume 153, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112047
Keywords
Immunosensor; Optical biosensor; Protein biomarkers; Guided mode resonance; Polyethylene glycol; Urine matrix
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Funding
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the UK [EP/P02324X/1, EP/P030017/1]
- GrowMedTech initiative of the University of Leeds
- Royal Society Wolfson fellowship
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFC1200904]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11761141006, 81822024, 21605102]
- BBSRC [BB/L018160/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- EPSRC [2253223, EP/M028127/1, EP/P02324X/1, EP/P030017/1, EP/J01771X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The rising cost of global healthcare provision and new approaches to managing disease are driving the development of low-cost biosensing modalities, such as label-free photonic methods based on dielectric resonances. Here, we use the combined sensing and imaging capability of a guided mode resonance (GMR) sensor to detect multiple biomarkers (troponin, procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein) in parallel in undiluted urine samples. A key requirement of such a biosensor is the simple and direct functionalization with suitable antibodies to ensure the disease-specific detection of protein biomarkers. Here, antibodies were immobilized using a succinimidyl[(N-maleimidopropionamido)-hexaethyleneglycol] ester (SM(PEG)(6)) spacer. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) chemistry enables low detection limits of 10 pg mL(-1) or better for all protein biomarkers, while minimizing non-specific binding compared to more commonly used strategies such as (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) or dextran. Our approach supports the vision of a simple yet highly sensitive diagnostic platform that could be used for pre-screening patients for a wide range of diseases at point-of-care, thereby relieving the pressure on over-stretched healthcare services.
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