Journal
BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE
Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 459-479Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0333
Keywords
aseptic meningitis; bacterial meningitis; cryptococcal meningitis; diagnosis; diagnostic testing; tuberculous meningitis
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Funding
- National Institute Of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH [K23NS110470, R01NS086312]
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Infectious meningitis can be caused by viral, bacterial or fungal pathogens. Despite widely available treatments, many types of infectious meningitis are still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Delay in diagnosis contributes to poor outcomes. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures have been used traditionally but are time intensive and sensitivity is decreased by empiric treatment prior to culture. More rapid techniques such as the cryptococcal lateral flow assay (IMMY), GeneXpert MTB/Rif Ultra (Cepheid) and FilmArray multiplex-PCR (Biofire) are three examples that have drastically changed meningitis diagnostics. This review will discuss a holistic approach to diagnosing bacterial, mycobacterial, viral and fungal meningitis.
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