Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
Volume 1862, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183318
Keywords
Transporter; Ion transport; Neutral pH; Tyrosinase; Melanocyte; Melanin
Categories
Funding
- MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI [19K07373]
- AMED [JP19gm0810010]
- Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19K07373] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Melanosomes are unique organelles in melanocytes that produce melanin, the pigment for skin, hair, and eye color. Tyrosinase is the essential and rate-limiting enzyme for melanin production, that strictly requires neutral pH for activity. pH maintenance is a result of the combinational function of multiple ion transport proteins. Thus, ion homeostasis in melanosomes is crucial for melanin synthesis. Defect of the ion transport system causes various pigmentation phenotypes, from mild effect to severe disorders such as albinism. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge of the ion transport system, such as transport function, structure, and the physiological roles and mechanisms of the ion transport proteins in melanosomes. In addition, we propose a model of melanosomal ion transport system-how the functional coupling of multiple transport proteins modulates and maintains ion homeostasis. We discuss melanin synthesis in terms of the ion transport system.
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