The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of the hierarchical TS-1 with the intracrystalline voids and grooves

Hierarchical TS-1 with grooves and intracrystalline voids was prepared by TPAOH/NaOH treatment. With increasing NaOH concentration, the dissolution-recrystallization process was intensified, the relative crystallinity and microporous properties decreased, the secondary pore volume increased. Although the dissolved species could be recrystallized, Na+ prevented the titanium incorporation, which increased the extra-framework titanium content. In phenol hydroxylation, improved activity and H2O2 efficiency were achieved when NaOH was no more than 0.1 mol/L, which may be a result of the positive influences of the secondary pores. At higher NaOH concentration (>0.1 mol/L), the activity and H2O2 efficiency decreased due to the negative influences of the non framework titanium. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.