Structural Diversity and Magnetic Properties of Hybrid Ruthenium Halide Perovskites and Related Compounds

There has been a great deal of recent interest in extended compounds containing Ru3+ and Ru4+ in light of their range of unusual physical properties. Many of these properties are displayed in compounds with the perovskite and related structures. Here we report an array of structurally diverse hybrid ruthenium halide perovskites and related compounds: MA(2)RuX(6) (X=Cl or Br), MA(2)MRuX(6) (M=Na, K or Ag; X=Cl or Br) and MA(3)Ru(2)X(9) (X=Br) based upon the use of methylammonium (MA=CH3NH3+) on the perovskite A site. The compounds MA(2)RuX(6) with Ru4+ crystallize in the trigonal space group R3?m and can be described as vacancy-ordered double-perovskites. The ordered compounds MA(2)MRuX(6) with M+ and Ru3+ crystallize in a structure related to BaNiO3 with alternating MX6 and RuX6 face-shared octahedra forming linear chains in the trigonal P3?m space group. The compound MA(3)Ru(2)Br(9) crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group and displays pairs of face-sharing octahedra forming isolated Ru2Br9 moieties with very short Ru-Ru contacts of 2.789 angstrom. The structural details, including the role of hydrogen bonding and dimensionality, as well as the optical and magnetic properties of these compounds are described. The magnetic behavior of all three classes of compounds is influenced by spin-orbit coupling and their temperature-dependent behavior has been compared with the predictions of the appropriate Kotani models.