Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 59, Issue 34, Pages 14593-14601Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005738
Keywords
benzamide; disorder; internal stress; polymorphism; twisted crystals
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Funding
- New York University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-1420073]
- National Science Foundation (United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation) [DMR-1608374, DMR-BSF 2015670]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- NSF MRSEC program [DMR-1719875]
- NSF Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities Program [CHE-0840277]
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The growth of spontaneously twisted crystals is a common but poorly understood phenomenon. An analysis of the formation of twisted crystals of a metastable benzamide polymorph (formII) crystallizing from highly supersaturated aqueous and ethanol solutions is given here. Benzamide, the first polymorphic molecular crystal reported (1832), would have been the first helicoidal crystal observed had the original authors undertaken an analysis by light microscopy. Polymorphism and twisting frequently concur as they are both associated with high thermodynamic driving forces for crystallization. Optical and electron microscopies as well as electron and powder X-ray diffraction reveal a complex lamellar structure of benzamide formIIneedle-like crystals. The internal stress produced by the overgrowth of lamellae is shown to be able to create a twist moment that is responsible for the observed non-classical morphologies.
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