Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 59, Issue 29, Pages 11964-11968Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915412
Keywords
flow chemistry; photocatalysis; photochemistry; upscaling
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With the development of new photocatalytic methods over recent decades, the translation of these chemical reactions to industrial-production scales using continuous-flow reactors has become a topic of increasing interest. In this context, we describe our studies toward elucidating an empirically derived parameter for scaling photocatalytic reactions in flow. By evaluating the performance of a photocatalytic C-N cross-coupling reaction across multiple reactor sizes and geometries, it was demonstrated that expressing product yield as a function of the absorbed photon equivalents provides a predictive, empirical scaling parameter. Through the use of this scaling factor and characterization of the photonic flux within each reactor, the cross-coupling was scaled successfully from the milligram scale in batch to a multi-kilogram reaction in flow.
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