Journal
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 92, Issue 7, Pages 5207-5213Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05757
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division [DE-SC0018032]
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Development of methods to measure the phase transitions and physical properties of submicron atmospheric aerosol particles is needed to better model these systems. In this paper, we present a method to flash freeze submicron particles to measure phase transitions as a function of relative humidity (RH). Particles are equilibrated at a fixed RH, vitrified in a temperature-controlled flow tube, and imaged with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). We demonstrate the use of the technique for measuring the efflorescence relative humidity (ERH) of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride aerosol as well as the separation RH (SRH) for a multicomponent organic/inorganic system that undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The location of phase transitions can shift between the micrometer and nanometer size regimes, and particles in a given population may have a range of RH over which a phase transition occurs. This technique addresses these requirements by allowing for characterization of the phase transitions for individual particles in a population on the submicron scale.
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