Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 319, Issue 1, Pages C151-C165Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00120.2020
Keywords
disease modeling; organoids; precision medicine; regenerative medicine
Categories
Funding
- European Union [668294]
- Francis Crick Institute - Cancer Research UK [FC001105]
- UK Medical Research Council [FC001105]
- Wellcome Trust [FC001105]
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [668294] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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In vitro cell cultures are crucial research tools for modeling human development and diseases. Although the conventional monolayer cell cultures have been widely used in the past, the lack of tissue architecture and complexity of such model fails to inform the true biological processes in vivo. Recent advances in the organoid technology have revolutionized the in vitro culture tools for biomedical research by creating powerful three-dimensional (3D) models to recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and functions of the primary tissues. Such organoid technology enables researchers to recreate human organs and diseases in a dish and thus holds great promises for many translational applications such as regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and precision medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the organoid history and development. We discuss the strengths and limitations of organoids as well as their potential applications in the laboratory and the clinic.
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