Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 33, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908232
Keywords
low-PGM catalysts; membrane electrode assembly stability; oxygen reduction reaction; PGM-free catalysts; proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Fuel Cell Technology Office
- DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science [DE-FG02-05ER15712]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-FG02-05ER15712]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER15712]
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Fuel cells are gaining popularity as a clean energy technology, but challenges in cost reduction and integration of low-PGM catalysts remain significant barriers to their development.
Fuel cells as an attractive clean energy technology have recently regained popularity in academia, government, and industry. In a mainstream proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, platinum-group-metal (PGM)-based catalysts account for approximate to 50% of the projected total cost for large-scale production. To lower the cost, two materials-based strategies have been pursued: 1) to decrease PGM catalyst usage (so-called low-PGM catalysts), and 2) to develop alternative PGM-free catalysts. Grand stability challenges exist when PGM catalyst loading is decreased in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-the power generation unit of a PEM fuel cell-or when PGM-free catalysts are integrated into an MEA. More importantly, there is a significant knowledge gap between materials innovation and device integration. For example, high-performance electrocatalysts usually demonstrate undesired quick degradation in MEAs. This issue significantly limits the development of PEM fuel cells. Herein, recent progress in understanding the degradation of low-PGM and PGM-free catalysts in fuel cell MEAs and materials-based solutions to address these issues are reviewed. The key factors that degrade the MEA performance are highlighted. Innovative, emerging material concepts and development of low-PGM and PGM-free catalysts are discussed.
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