Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 28, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910491
Keywords
additive manufacturing; 3D printing; mechanical properties; micro; microstructure; metals; nano
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Funding
- Swiss Agency for Technology and Innovation Innosuisse [PNFM-NM 18511.1]
- SFA Advanced Manufacturing program under the Powder Focusing project
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program
- Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) Primary research program through the National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) - Ministry of Science and ICT [20-12-N0101-27]
- EU Horizon 2020 Marie Curie-Sklodowska Innovative Training Network ELENA [722149]
- [ETH 47 14-2]
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Many emerging applications in microscale engineering rely on the fabrication of 3D architectures in inorganic materials. Small-scale additive manufacturing (AM) aspires to provide flexible and facile access to these geometries. Yet, the synthesis of device-grade inorganic materials is still a key challenge toward the implementation of AM in microfabrication. Here, a comprehensive overview of the microstructural and mechanical properties of metals fabricated by most state-of-the-art AM methods that offer a spatial resolution <= 10 mu m is presented. Standardized sets of samples are studied by cross-sectional electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and microcompression. It is shown that current microscale AM techniques synthesize metals with a wide range of microstructures and elastic and plastic properties, including materials of dense and crystalline microstructure with excellent mechanical properties that compare well to those of thin-film nanocrystalline materials. The large variation in materials' performance can be related to the individual microstructure, which in turn is coupled to the various physico-chemical principles exploited by the different printing methods. The study provides practical guidelines for users of small-scale additive methods and establishes a baseline for the future optimization of the properties of printed metallic objects-a significant step toward the potential establishment of AM techniques in microfabrication.
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