Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 25, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910660
Keywords
electrophysiology; ion conductivity; microelectrode arrays; Nafion; nanopatterns; organic electrochemical transistors
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 HL135143, R01 HL146436, UG3 EB028094, R44 HL131169, KL2 TR002317]
- Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [HI19C0642]
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In this study, nanopatterned Nafion microelectrode arrays for in vitro cardiac electrophysiology are reported. With the aim of defining sophisticated Nafion nanostructures with highly ionic conductivity, fabrication parameters such as Nafion concentration and curing temperature are optimized. By increasing curing temperature and Nafion concentration, the replication fidelity of Nafion nanopatterns when copied from a polydimethylsiloxane master mold are controlled. It is also found that cross-sectional morphology and ion current density of nanopatterned Nafion strongly depends on the fabrication parameters. To investigate this dependency, current-voltage analysis is conducted using organic electrochemical transistors overlaid with patterned Nafion substrates. Nanopatterned Nafion is found to allow higher ion current densities than unpatterned surfaces. Furthermore, higher curing temperatures are found to render Nafion layers with higher ion/electrical transfer properties. To optimize nanopattern dimensions, electrical current flows, and film uniformity, a final configuration consisting of 5% nanopatterned Nafion cured at 65 degrees C is chosen. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are then covered with optimized Nafion nanopatterns and used for electrophysiological analysis of two types of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSCs-CMs). These data highlight the suitability of nanopatterned Nafion, combined with MEAs, for enhancing the cellular environment of iPSC-CMs for use in electrophysiological analysis in vitro.
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