Journal
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
Volume 41, Issue 4, Pages 442-446Publisher
NATURE PUBL GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0375-9
Keywords
angiogenin; ribonuclease; ribosomal RNA (rRNA); transfer RNA (tRNA); tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs); neuroprotection
Funding
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [16/RC/3948]
- European Regional Development Fund
- FutureNeuro industry partners
- Joint Programme in Neurodegeneration Research (JPND) project RNA-NEURO - SFI [17/JPND/3455]
- StAR International PhD Scholarship from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [17/JPND/3455] Funding Source: Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
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In this review, we summarise the evidence for a role of the ribonuclease angiogenin in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, with a specific focus on Parkinson's disease (PD). Angiogenin is a stress-induced, secreted ribonuclease with both nuclear and cytosolic activities. Loss-of-function mutations in the angiogenin gene (ANG) have been initially discovered in familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however, variants in ANG have subsequently been identified in PD and Alzheimer's disease. Delivery of angiogenin protein reduces neurodegeneration and delays disease progression in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS and in vitro models of PD. In the nucleus, angiogenin promotes ribosomal RNA transcription. Under stress conditions, angiogenin also translocates to the cytosol where it cleaves non-coding RNA into RNA fragments, in particular transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Stress-induced tRNA fragments have been proposed to have multiple cellular functions, including inhibition of ribosome biogenesis, inhibition of protein translation and inhibition of apoptosis. We will discuss recent evidence of tRNA fragment accumulation in PD, as well as their potential neuroprotective activities.
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