Journal
CARBON
Volume 96, Issue -, Pages 594-602Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.085
Keywords
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Funding
- MINECO [ACI2009-0861, MAT2014-53500-R]
- Department of Science and Technology (DST, India)
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Physical and chemical properties of graphene can be tailored by nitrogen doping. As a consequence of the continuous race to achieve the highest possible amount of doping there is a growing tendency to assume that all N species are incorporated within the graphene lattice (doping). Here we show that this is not always the case and employ several complementary techniques that allow a proper assessment of the type of nitrogen present. The nature of the nitrogen atoms has been tuned by ammonolysis of graphene oxide in the range of 100 degrees C-800 degrees C. This allows us to expand the capabilities of the synthetic approach to afford not only N-doping (at high temperature) but also to introduce amine and amide moieties at 100 degrees C; the latter presenting a much higher dispersability in aqueous media than graphene oxide. Interestingly, the sample with the highest amount of nitrogen (14.7 wt. %) cannot be referred to as N-doped graphene since it also contains N-bearing aliphatic moieties. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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