Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 23, Pages 25748-25755Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03642
Keywords
organic battery; conductive additive-free cathode; charge-transfer; radical salt
Funding
- Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and Materials from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT)
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP19K15668]
- 111 project from China [B18030]
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In recent years, organic electrode materials have been strongly considered for use in sustainable batteries. However, most organic electrode materials have low electrical conductivity and require a lot of conductive additives, which decrease the effective capacity based on the entire electrode weight/volume. In this study, we propose a novel electrical conductivity-relay system that imparts electrical conductivity to organic small molecular electrodes without any conductive additive throughout the charge/ discharge cycles. It consists of the combination of the charge-transfer phenomenon in a pristine state and the formation of organic radical salts in redox states. Herein, we demonstrate this electrical conductivity-relay system using a simply mixed molecular crystal couple of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a cathode without any conductive additive and aqueous sodium bromide as an electrolyte. During charge/discharge, the electrical conductivity of the cathode is supported by charge-transfer at the TTF/TCNQ interface and (TTF)Br-n (0.7 <= n <= 0.8) and NaTCNQ radical salts, and the cathode exhibits a specific capacity of 112 mAh g(-1) and a retention rate of 80.7% at the 30th cycle. Furthermore, the molecular crystal couple electrode of TTF and TCNQ shows better charge/discharge performance than the pure charge-transfer complex electrode, indicating that this system expands candidates for organic electrode materials to various pairs and mixing ratios of small molecules that do not form charge-transfer complexes.
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