Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 24, Pages 27045-27054Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03730
Keywords
potassium-ion battery; sub-nanopore; cycling stability; rate capability; porous-carbon electrode
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFE0127300, 2017YFA020670]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51672005, 51772063, 21773004]
- High Performance Computing Platform of Peking University, China
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Developing advanced electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) is an emerging research area in recent years; so far, several strategies such as heteroatom doping into carbon, increasing interlayer spacing, or creating amorphous region in graphite have been investigated. Here, we studied the effect of sub-nanopores in a porous-carbon aerogel with a pore size distribution centered at around 0.8 nm and achieved outstanding PIB performance including long cycling stability (particularly at small current densities for prolonged charge/discharge period) and high rate capability with enhanced retentions. Mechanism studies reveal very high contribution from surface capacitive potassium (K)-ion storage (more than 90%) to the total capacity, and theoretical calculations show that 0.8 nm sub-nanopores lead to substantially low barrier for K-ion transport and storage, with ultrasmall diffusion energy and negligible lattice change. Sub-nanopore engineering, as demonstrated here, may be adopted to develop highly efficient and stable porous-carbon-based structures for applications in advanced energy storage systems and electrochemical catalysis.
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