Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 18, Pages 21070-21079Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02156
Keywords
high-entropy alloys; magnetron sputtering; spark plasma sintering; mechanical properties; wear
Funding
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) [RIF14-0083]
- Polish National Science Centre [2015/19/D/ST8/03200]
- Kempe Foundation
- Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation
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Development of high-entropy alloy (HEA) films is a promising and cost-effective way to incorporate these materials of superior properties in harsh environments. In this work, a refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) film of equimolar CuMoTaWV was deposited on silicon and 304 stainless-steel substrates using DC-magnetron sputtering. A sputtering target was developed by partial sintering of an equimolar powder mixture of Cu, Mo, Ta, W, and V using spark plasma sintering. The target was used to sputter a nanocrystalline RHEA film with a thickness of similar to 900 nm and an average grain size of 18 nm. X-ray diffraction of the film revealed a body-centered cubic solid solution with preferred orientation in the (110) directional plane. The nanocrystalline nature of the RHEA film resulted in a hardness of 19 +/- 2.3 GPa and an elastic modulus of 259 +/- 19.2 GPa. A high compressive strength of 10 +/- 0.8 GPa was obtained in nanopillar compression due to solid solution hardening and grain boundary strengthening. The adhesion between the RHEA film and 304 stainless-steel substrates was increased on annealing. For the wear test against the E52100 alloy steel (Grade 25, 700-880 HV) at 1 N load, the RHEA film showed an average coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of 0.25 (RT) and 1.5 (300 degrees C), and 6.4 x 10(-6) mm(3)/N m (RT) and 2.5 x 10(-5) mm(3)/N m (300 degrees C), respectively. The COF was found to be 2 times lower at RT and wear rate 10(2) times lower at RT and 300 degrees C than those of 304 stainless steel. This study may lead to the processing of high-entropy alloy films for large-scale industrial applications.
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