Journal
CARBON
Volume 99, Issue -, Pages 267-271Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.078
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Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI 1246800]
- National Science Foundation [NSF-CBET-1449582]
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Ohio Third Frontier
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [W911NF-15-2-0122]
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The use of hierarchical assemblies constituted from macroporous structures (e.g., reticulated vitreous carbon, RVC) where the internal pore area is covered with closely spaced nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes, CNT) is proposed for substantially enhancing the energy density of electrochemical capacitors, while maintaining large charge/discharge rates. While the macroscale pores enable storage of substantial electrolyte volumes that would contribute through redox reactions to the energy density, the closely spaced nanostructures provide a large geometric area and capacitance in addition to enabling rate independent Faradaic charge storage via thin layer electrochemistry (TLE). A fifty fold increase in the double layer capacitance, in addition to increased Faradaic charge density - with potential for orders of magnitude improvement, was observed for the RVC-CNT electrodes, in comparison to the bare RVC foam electrode. It was seen that the hierarchical assembly enables the contribution from similar to 94% of the net volume of the wetted RVC-CNT electrode for active Faradaic charge storage. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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