Journal
ACS OMEGA
Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 422-429Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02934
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Funding
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter
- RCUK's Energy Programme [EP/P003605/1]
- EPSRC [EP/P003605/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSC) is often compromised by the organic hole transport materials (HTMs). We report here the effect of WO3 as an inorganic HTM for carbon electrodes for improved stability in PSCs, which are made under ambient conditions. Sequential fabrication of the PSC was performed under ambient conditions with mesoporous TiO2/Al2O3/CH3NH3PbI3 layers, and, on the top of these layers, the WO3 nanoparticle-embedded carbon electrode was used. Different concentrations of WO3 nanoparticles as HTM incorporated in carbon counter electrodes were tested, which varied the stability of the cell under ambient conditions. The addition of 7.5% WO3 (by volume) led to a maximum power conversion efficiency of 10.5%, whereas the stability of the cells under ambient condition was similar to 350 h, maintaining similar to 80% of the initial efficiency under light illumination. At the same time, the higher WO3 concentration exhibited an efficiency of 9.5%, which was stable up to similar to 500 h with a loss of only similar to 15% of the initial efficiency under normal atmospheric conditions and light illumination. This work demonstrates an effective way to improve the stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells without affecting the efficiency for future applications.
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