Journal
METABOLITES
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020043
Keywords
human milk; metabolome; sampling; extraction; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS)
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Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain) [CD19/00176, CM18/00165, CP16/00034]
- European Union [818110]
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [818110] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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Human milk (HM) is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition. HM contains macro- and micronutrients, as well as a range of bioactive compounds (hormones, growth factors, cell debris, etc.). The analysis of the complex and dynamic composition of HM has been a permanent challenge for researchers. The use of novel, cutting-edge techniques involving different metabolomics platforms has permitted to expand knowledge on the variable composition of HM. This review aims to present the state-of-the-art in untargeted metabolomic studies of HM, with emphasis on sampling, extraction and analysis steps. Workflows available from the literature have been critically revised and compared, including a comprehensive assessment of the achievable metabolome coverage. Based on the scientific evidence available, recommendations for future untargeted HM metabolomics studies are included.
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