Journal
VACCINES
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010115
Keywords
Nipah virus; bovine herpes virus 4; vaccine; pig; immunogenicity
Categories
Funding
- VetBioNet project, European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- UK Department for Health and Social Care (SBRI Vaccines for Global Epidemics-Clinical) [971555]
- UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, UK Research and Innovation) [BBS/E/I/00007031, BBS/E/I/00007039]
- Parma University
- EACEA (Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency) of the European commission
- EACEA
- BBSRC [BBS/E/I/00007031, BBS/E/I/00007038, BBS/E/I/00007034, BBS/E/I/00007037, BBS/E/I/00007039] Funding Source: UKRI
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Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent pathogen capable of causing acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis in pigs and humans. A high fatality rate and broad host tropism makes NiV a serious public and animal health concern. There is therefore an urgent need for a NiV vaccines to protect animals and humans. In this study we investigated the immunogenicity of bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-4) vectors expressing either NiV attachment (G) or fusion (F) glycoproteins, BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-G Delta TK or BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-F Delta TK, respectively in pigs. The vaccines were benchmarked against a canarypox (ALVAC) vector expressing NiV G, previously demonstrated to induce protective immunity in pigs. Both BoHV-4 vectors induced robust antigen-specific antibody responses. BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-G Delta TK stimulated NiV-neutralizing antibody titers comparable to ALVAC NiV G and greater than those induced by BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-F Delta TK. In contrast, only BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-F Delta TK immunized pigs had antibodies capable of significantly neutralizing NiV G and F-mediated cell fusion. All three vectored vaccines evoked antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, which were particularly strong in BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-G Delta TK immunized pigs and to a lesser extent BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-F Delta TK. These findings emphasize the potential of BoHV-4 vectors for inducing antibody and cell-mediated immunity in pigs and provide a solid basis for the further evaluation of these vectored NiV vaccine candidates.
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