Journal
BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000837
Keywords
oral glucose tolerance test; insulin resistance; insulin secretion; African-origin populations
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Funding
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [ZIADK075137, ZIADK047023] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Introduction Risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes and cardiac death is increased in Asians and Europeans with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 1-hour glucose >= 8.6 mmol/L. As African descent populations often have insulin resistance but a normal lipid profile, the implications for Africans with NGT and glucose >= 8.6 mmol/L (NGT-1-hour-high) are unknown. Objective We performed oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in 434 African born-blacks living in Washington, DC (male: 66%, age 38 +/- 10 years (mean +/- SD)) and determined in the NGT group if either glucometabolic or lipid profiles varied according to a 1-hour-glucose threshold of 8.6 mmol/L. Methods Glucose tolerance category was defined by OGTT criteria. NGT was subdivided into NGT-1-hour-high (glucose >= 8.6 mmol/L) and NGT-1-hour-normal (glucose <8.6 mmol/L). Second OGTT were performed in 27% (119/434) of participants 10 +/- 7 days after the first. Matsuda Index and Oral Disposition Index measured insulin resistance and beta-cell function, respectively. Lipid profiles were obtained. Comparisons were by one-way analysis of variance with Bonferonni corrections for multiple comparisons. Duplicate tests were assessed by k-statistic. Results One-hour-glucose >= 8.6 mmol/L occurred in 17% (47/272) with NGT, 72% (97/134) with pre-diabetes and in 96% (27/28) with diabetes. Both insulin resistance and beta-cell function were worse in NGT-1-hour-high than in NGT-1-hour-normal. Dyslipidemia occurred in both the diabetes and pre-diabetes groups but not in either NGT group. One-hour glucose concentration >= 8.6 mmol/L showed substantial agreement for the two OGTTs (k=0.628). Conclusions Although dyslipidemia did not occur in either NGT group, insulin resistance and beta-cell compromise were worse in NGT-1 hour-high. Subdividing the NGT group at a 1-hour glucose threshold of 8.6 mmol/L may stratify risk for diabetes in Africans.
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