Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00062
Keywords
endogenous type I CRISPR-Cas systems; mechanisms of action; DNA targeting; genome editing; selective killing; antimicrobials; gene expression modulation
Funding
- National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China [2018YFA090091, 2018YFD0500203]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China [2017CFB538]
- Scientific Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education [Q20161007]
- National Science Foundation of China [31870057]
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering
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Establishment of production platforms through prokaryotic engineering in microbial organisms would be one of the most efficient means for chemicals, protein, and biofuels production. Despite the fact that CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based technologies have readily emerged as powerful and versatile tools for genetic manipulations, their applications are generally limited in prokaryotes, possibly owing to the large size and severe cytotoxicity of the heterogeneous Cas (CRISPR-associated) effector. Nevertheless, the rich natural occurrence of CRISPR-Cas systems in many bacteria and most archaea holds great potential for endogenous CRISPR-based prokaryotic engineering. The endogenous CRISPR-Cas systems, with type I systems that constitute the most abundant and diverse group, would be repurposed as genetic manipulation tools once they are identified and characterized as functional in their native hosts. This article reviews the major progress made in understanding the mechanisms of invading DNA immunity by type I CRISPR-Cas and summarizes the practical applications of endogenous type I CRISPR-based toolkits for prokaryotic engineering.
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