Journal
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue 42, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay8556
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Categories
Funding
- NIH [K08-HL115355, R01-HL125571, R01-HL146338, R01 CA125562, P01-CA108671, P30-CA008748]
- Susan and Peter Solomon Divisional Genomics Program
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
- Anna Fuller Fund
- Amy Strelzer Manasevit Research Program
- Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
- ASTCT
- ASBMT/ASTCT New Investigator Award
- American Italian Cancer Foundation
- WKZ fund of the UMC Utrecht
- Jo Kolk Study Fund Foundation
- Nijbakker-Morra Foundation
- Dutch Digestive Foundation
- K.F. Hein Foundation
- Renswoude Foundation
- Alexandre Suerman Stipend of the UMC Utrecht
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Despite the importance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) for epithelial maintenance, there is limited understanding of how immune-mediated damage affects ISCs and their niche. We found that stem cell compartment injury is a shared feature of both alloreactive and autoreactive intestinal immunopathology, reducing ISCs and impairing their recovery in T cell-mediated injury models. Although imaging revealed few T cells near the stem cell compartment in healthy mice, donor T cells infiltrating the intestinal mucosa after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) primarily localized to the crypt region lamina propria. Further modeling with ex vivo epithelial cultures indicated ISC depletion and impaired human as well as murine organoid survival upon coculture with activated T cells, and screening of effector pathways identified interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) as a principal mediator of ISC compartment damage. IFN gamma induced JAK1- and STAT1-dependent toxicity, initiating a proapoptotic gene expression program and stem cell death. BMT with IFN gamma-deficient donor T cells, with recipients lacking the IFN gamma receptor (IFN gamma R) specifically in the intestinal epithelium, and with pharmacologic inhibition of JAK signaling all resulted in protection of the stem cell compartment. In addition, epithelial cultures with Paneth cell-deficient organoids, IFN gamma R-deficient Paneth cells, IFN gamma R-deficient ISCs, and purified stem cell colonies all indicated direct targeting of the ISCs that was not dependent on injury to the Paneth cell niche. Dysregulated T cell activation and IFN gamma production are thus potent mediators of ISC injury, and blockade of JAK/STAT signaling within target tissue stem cells can prevent this T cell-mediated pathology.
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