Journal
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 294-307Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0804-2
Keywords
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Funding
- National Key Basic Research Programme [2016YFA0400900, 2018YFC0831101]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31471071, 31771221, 61773360, 71671115, 71874170, 71942003]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
- MURI Center for Dynamic Magneto-Optics via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0040]
- Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-18-1-0358]
- Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) [FA2386-18-1-4045]
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST
- via CREST grant) [JPMJCR1676]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS
- JSPS-RFBR) [17-52-50023]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS
- JSPS-FWO) [VS.059.18N]
- RIKEN-AIST Challenge Research Fund
- Templeton Foundation
- Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi)
- NTT PHI Laboratory
- Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme [DP190101566]
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- US Office of Naval Research
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST
- via the Q-LEAP programme)
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Li et al. show that human value-based decision-making can be modelled using the quantum reinforcement learning framework. These new models reveal the importance of the medial frontal cortex in this quantum-like decision-making process. Classical reinforcement learning (CRL) has been widely applied in neuroscience and psychology; however, quantum reinforcement learning (QRL), which shows superior performance in computer simulations, has never been empirically tested on human decision-making. Moreover, all current successful quantum models for human cognition lack connections to neuroscience. Here we studied whether QRL can properly explain value-based decision-making. We compared 2 QRL and 12 CRL models by using behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from healthy and cigarette-smoking subjects performing the Iowa Gambling Task. In all groups, the QRL models performed well when compared with the best CRL models and further revealed the representation of quantum-like internal-state-related variables in the medial frontal gyrus in both healthy subjects and smokers, suggesting that value-based decision-making can be illustrated by QRL at both the behavioural and neural levels.
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