Journal
CELLS
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells9030592
Keywords
cardiac fibrosis; heart failure; extracellular vesicle (EVs); EVs engineering; exosomes; microRNAs; noncoding RNAs; stem cells
Categories
Funding
- University of Verona, Italy
- EEU-Cardiac RNA cost action [CA17129]
- British Heart Foundation: BHF Centre of Vascular Regeneration [RG/15/5/31446, CH/15/1/31199]
- Italian Ministry of Health
- Telethon Foundation [GGP19035A]
- BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine
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Fibrosis is a significant global health problem associated with many inflammatory and degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs, individually or simultaneously. Fibrosis develops when extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling becomes excessive or uncontrolled and is associated with nearly all forms of heart disease. Cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the main effectors of ECM deposition and scar formation. The heart is a complex multicellular organ, where the various resident cell types communicate between themselves and with cells of the blood and immune systems. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles, (EVs), contribute to cell-to-cell communication and their pathophysiological relevance and therapeutic potential is emerging. Here, we will critically review the role of endogenous exosomes as possible fibrosis mediators and discuss the possibility of using stem cell-derived and/or engineered exosomes as anti-fibrotic agents.
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