Journal
EXPOSURE AND HEALTH
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 355-368Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12403-020-00347-8
Keywords
High-arsenic groundwater; High-fluoride groundwater; Arsenicosis; Fluorosis; Groundwater quality
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41761144059]
- Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges [300102299301]
- Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation [161098]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015M580804, 2016M590911, 2016T090878, 2017T100719]
- Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015BSHTDZZ09, 2016BSHTDZZ03]
- Ten Thousand Talent Program [W03070125]
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Arsenic and fluoride are two natural components affecting human health. Long-term exposure to arsenic and fluoride, mainly through drinking water intake, can lead to arsenicosis and fluorosis. In this paper, we summarized the distribution and hydrochemical characteristics of high-arsenic and high-fluoride groundwater, and reviewed the arsenicosis and fluorosis distribution due to consumption of high-arsenic and high-fluoride groundwater in China. The results show that there are 20 major provinces//autonomous regions (about 60%) in China suffering from high-arsenic groundwater, and these high-arsenic groundwater provinces are mainly located in the fluvial/alluvial-lacustrine plains and basins located in arid/semi-arid regions and alluvial plains/basins and river deltas in humid/semi-humid regions. Drinking water arsenicosis has been found in 13 provinces/autonomous regions, with Shanxi and Inner Mongolia being the two most seriously affected areas. High-fluoride groundwater is widely distributed in north, northeast and northwest parts of China, occurring mainly in shallow groundwater. Fluorosis has been found in 29 provinces/autonomous regions. With the continuous implementation of water quality improvement projects, drinking water fluorosis and arsenic poisoning have been effectively controlled. However, the long-term maintenance and operation of the water quality improvement project need to be further strengthened.
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