PbGA2ox8 induces vascular-related anthocyanin accumulation and contributes to red stripe formation on pear fruit

Fruit with stripes, which are generally longitudinal, can occur naturally, but the bioprocesses underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Previously, we observed an atypical anthocyanin distribution that caused red-striped fruit on the spontaneous pear bud sport Red Zaosu (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis of the sport and wild-type Zaosu revealed that this atypical anthocyanin accumulation was tightly correlated with abnormal overexpression of the gene-encoding gibberellin (GA) 2-beta-dioxygenase 8, PbGA2ox8. Consistently, decreased methylation was also observed in the promoter region of PbGA2ox8 from Red Zaosu compared with Zaosu. Moreover, the GA levels in Red Zaosu seedlings were lower than those in Zaosu seedlings, and the application of exogenous GA(4) reduced abnormal anthocyanin accumulation in Red Zaosu. Transient overexpression of PbGA2ox8 reduced the GA(4) level and caused anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruit skin. Moreover, the presence of red stripes indicated anthocyanin accumulation in the hypanthial epidermal layer near vascular branches (VBs) in Red Zaosu. Transient overexpression of PbGA2ox8 resulting from vacuum infiltration induced anthocyanin accumulation preferentially in calcium-enriched areas near the vascular bundles in pear leaves. We propose a fruit-striping mechanism, in which the abnormal overexpression of PbGA2ox8 in Red Zaosu induces the formation of a longitudinal array of anthocyanin stripes near vascular bundles in fruit.