Joint Computation Offloading and Coin Loaning for Blockchain-Empowered Mobile-Edge Computing

The blockchain-empowered mobile-edge computing (MEC) is a promising solution for enhancing the computation capabilities of mobile equipments (MEs) to process computation-intensive tasks such as the real-time data processing tasks and mining tasks. However, because of the cold start and long return problems, efficient computation offloading cannot be achieved in blockchain-empowered MEC because the MEs do not always have enough coins to afford the offloading service cost. In this article, we study the joint computation-offloading and coin-loaning problem for blockchain-empowered MEC to minimize the total cost of all MEs. We introduce the banks that can provide loan services to the MEs to address the above two issues. We formulate the problem as a noncooperative game to model the competitions between the myopic MEs. By using a potential game method, we prove the existence of a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium (NE) and design a distributed algorithm to achieve the NE point with low computational complexity. We also provide an upper bound on the price of anarchy of the game by theoretical proof. Besides, two smart contracts are designed to automatically perform the computing resource trading and coin loaning processes. Lastly, our simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the total cost of all MEs, has better performance compared with other solutions, and scales well as the number of MEs increases. Moreover, the financial cost for executing the two smart contracts on the Ethereum network is low.