Journal
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00229
Keywords
untargeted analysis; metabolomics; phenolics; anti-inflammatory; spent coffee grounds
Categories
Funding
- USDA/ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center
- USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-60206-001]
- Missouri Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant Program (SCBGP) [16SCBGPMO0003]
- University of Missouri
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
- Bruker Daltonics Gmbh
- US National Science Foundation (NSF)-JST Metabolomics for a Low Carbon Society [1139489]
- NSF MRI DBI [1126719]
- NSF RCN [1340058]
- NSF MCB [1024976]
- Agilent Technologies
- Center for Agroforestry at University of Missouri
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1024976] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory properties of spent coffee grounds. Methanolic extracts of spent coffee grounds obtained from 3 Arabica cultivars possess compounds that exerted inhibitory effects on the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10) induced by a human pro-monocytic cell line differentiated with PMA and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results indicated that the cytokine suppressive activities of the spent coffee ground (SCG) extracts were different among coffee cultivars tested. Hawaiian Kona extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on the expression of 3 examined cytokines, Ethiopian Yirgacheffe extracts reduced the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-6, and Costa Rican Tarrazu extracts decreased the secretion of IL-6 only. Untargeted metabolomics analyses of SCG extracts led to the putative identification of 26 metabolites with known anti-inflammatory activities. Multiple metabolites (i.e., chrysin, daidzein, eugenol, naringenin, naringin, oxyresveratrol, pectolinarin, resveratrol, tectochrysin, theaflavin, vanillic acid, and vitexin rhamnoside) identified in the SCGs represent possible novel anti-inflammatory compounds. Of the 26 identified metabolites, the 12 compounds that had high relative intensities in all of the extracts were successfully quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Results from the targeted analyses indicated that caffeine and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) were the most abundant compounds in the SCG extracts. The contents of caffeine ranged from 0.38 mg/g (Ethiopian Yirgacheffe) - 0.44 mg/g (Costa Rican Tarrazu), whereas 5-CQA concentrations were in the range of 0.24 mg/g (Costa Rican Tarrazu) - 0.34 mg/g (Ethiopian Yirgacheffe). The presence of multiple anti-inflammatory compounds in SCGs provides a promising natural source for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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