Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01393
Keywords
Kv1; 3; ShK; neuroinflammatory disease; multiple sclerosis; stroke; epilepsy; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [81603410, 81903995, 31771191]
- Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Fund [20184Y0086, 2016JP007, 2018JQ003]
- Project for Capacity Promotion of Putuo District Clinical Special Disease
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine [18TS086]
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine [2016102A, 2016208A, 2018313]
- Science and Technology Innovation Project of Putuo District Health System [ptkwws201902, ptkwws201908]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [19ZR1447900]
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It remains a challenge for the effective treatment of neuroinflammatory disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The voltage-gated potassium Kv1.3 channel is of interest, which is considered as a novel therapeutic target for treating neuroinflammatory disorders due to its crucial role in subsets of T lymphocytes as well as microglial cells. Toxic animals, such as sea anemones, scorpions, spiders, snakes, and cone snails, can produce a variety of toxins that act on the Kv1.3 channel. The Stichodactyla helianthus K+ channel blocking toxin (ShK) from the sea anemone S. helianthus is proved as a classical blocker of Kv1.3. One of the synthetic analogs ShK-186, being developed as a therapeutic for autoimmune diseases, has successfully completed first-in-man Phase 1 trials. In addition to addressing the recent progress on the studies underlying the pharmacological characterizations of ShK on MS, the review will also explore the possibility for clinical treatment of ShK-like Kv1.3 blocking polypeptides on other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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