Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 66, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104160
Keywords
Dual-ion system; Ionic dynamics; Relaxation; Electrochemistry; Electrochemical strain microscopy
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0201001]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11627801, 51772254, 11772286]
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee [KQTD20170810160424889, JCYJ20170818155200084, JCYJ20170818155813437]
- Key Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province [2018B010109009]
- Instrument Developing Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences [ZDKYYQ20180004]
- Huxiang Young Talents Plan Project of Hunan Province [2019RS2037]
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Electrochemical conversion is typically studied at macroscopic scale, and it is quite challenging to probe local electrochemistry at the nanoscale, especially those involving multiple ions. Through a series of atomic force microscopy experiments, we demonstrate that two competing ionic strains arising from molar volume changes and electrochemical dipoles in a dual-ion system can reveal themselves in distinct relaxation behavior, enabling us to decouple their respective contributions and thus measure local diffusivity along with activation energy. Using soda-lime float glass as a model system, we observe a fast relaxation corresponding to diffusion of Na+ and a slow relaxation associated with electrochemical dipoles formed between Na+ and non-bridging oxygen. Assisted by simulations, we determine the local diffusivity of 5.64 x 107 16 m(2)/s and activation energy of 0.55eV for Na+ at 100 degrees C. The study provides a powerful tool to resolve local dynamics of dual ions, which can be applied to study a variety of complex energy conversion and storage systems.
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