Modular S4 and A4 symmetries and their fixed points: new predictive examples of lepton mixing

In the modular symmetry approach to neutrino models, the flavour symmetry emerges as a finite subgroup Gamma(N) of the modular symmetry, broken by the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of a modulus field tau. If the VEV of the modulus tau takes some special value, a residual subgroup of Gamma(N) would be preserved. We derive the fixed points tau(S) = i, tau(ST) = (-1 + i root 3)/2, tau(TS) = (1 + i root 3)/2, tau(T) = i infinity in the fundamental domain which are in-variant under the modular transformations indicated. We then generalise these fixed points to tau(f) = gamma tau(S), gamma tau(ST), gamma tau(TS) and gamma tau(T) in the upper half complex plane, and show that it is sufficient to consider gamma is an element of Gamma(N). Focussing on level N = 4, corresponding to the flavour group S-4, we consider all the resulting triplet modular forms at these fixed points up to weight 6. We then apply the results to lepton mixing, with different residual subgroups in the charged lepton sector and each of the right-handed neutrinos sectors. In the minimal case of two right-handed neutrinos, we find three phenomenologically viable cases in which the light neutrino mass matrix only depends on three free parameters, and the lepton mixing takes the trimaximal TM1 pattern for two examples. One of these cases corresponds to a new Littlest Modular Seesaw based on CSD(n) with n = 1 + root 6 approximate to 3.45, intermediate between CSD(3) and CSD(4). Finally, we generalize the results to examples with three right-handed neutrinos, also considering the level N = 3 case, corresponding to A(4) flavour symmetry.