Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS
Volume 50, Issue 1, Pages 43-57Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSMC.2019.2896323
Keywords
Vehicle-to-grid; Edge computing; Blockchain; Contracts; Security; Games; Consortium blockchain; contract theory; cyber-physical system (CPS); edge computing; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) energy trading
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61601181]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2017MS001]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [JP16K00117, JP19K20250]
- KDDI Foundation
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Smart grid has emerged as a successful application of cyber-physical systems in the energy sector. Among numerous key technologies of the smart grid, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) provides a promising solution to reduce the level of demand-supply mismatch by leveraging the bidirectional energy-trading capabilities of electric vehicles. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient V2G energy trading framework by exploring blockchain, contract theory, and edge computing. First, we develop a consortium blockchain-based secure energy trading mechanism for V2G. Then, we consider the information asymmetry scenario, and propose an efficient incentive mechanism based on contract theory. The social welfare optimization problem falls into the category of difference of convex programming and is solved by using the iterative convex-concave procedure algorithm. Next, edge computing has been incorporated to improve the successful probability of block creation. The computational resource allocation problem is modeled as a two-stage: 1) Stackelberg leader-follower game and 2) the optimal strategies are obtained by using the backward induction approach. Finally, the performance of the proposed framework is validated via numerical results and theoretical analysis.
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