Journal
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00046
Keywords
HIV eradication and cure; Berlin patient; London patient; Dusseldorf patient; Boston patients; Essen patient; Mississippi baby; elite controllers
Categories
Funding
- Universiti Sains Malaysia Short Term Grant [304/CIPPT/6313090]
- Universiti Sains Malaysia Bridging Incentive Grant [304/CIPPT/6316364]
- Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia [203/CIPPT/6711440]
- International Society of Infectious Diseases [304/CIPPT/650997/I138]
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Fellowship [304/CIPPT/650997/I138]
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There is a continuous search for an HIV cure as the success of ART in blocking HIV replication and the role of CD4(+) T cells in HIV pathogenesis and immunity do not entirely eradicate HIV. The Berlin patient, who is virus-free, serves as the best model for a 'sterilizing cure' and many experts are trying to mimic this approach in other patients. Although failures were reported among Boston and Essen patients, the setbacks have provided valuable lessons to strengthen cure strategies. Following the Berlin patient, two more patients known as London and Dusseldorf patients might be the second and third person to be cured of HIV. In all the cases, the patients underwent chemotherapy regimen due to malignancy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) which required matching donors for CCR5 Delta 32 mutation - an approach that may not always be feasible. The emergence of newer technologies, such as long-acting slow-effective release ART (LASER ART) and CRISPR/Cas9 could potentially overcome the barriers due to HIV latency and persistency and eliminate the need for CCR5 Delta 32 mutation donor. Appreciating the failure and success stories learned from these HIV breakthroughs would provide some insight for future HIV eradication and cure strategies.
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