Journal
TOXINS
Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020066
Keywords
apamin; apitoxin; bee venom; cancer; melittin; neurodegeneration; phospholipase A2; rheumatoid arthritis
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsradet [2015-05468, 2016-05885]
- Austrian Science Fund FWF [P27183-B24, J4342-B21, J4398-B]
- Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmastare [194-0681]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P27183, J4398] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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Natural products represent important sources for the discovery and design of novel drugs. Bee venom and its isolated components have been intensively studied with respect to their potential to counteract or ameliorate diverse human diseases. Despite extensive research and significant advances in recent years, multifactorial diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases remain major healthcare issues at present. Although pure bee venom, apitoxin, is mostly described to mediate anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and neuroprotective effects, its primary component melittin may represent an anticancer therapeutic. In this review, we approach the possibilities and limitations of apitoxin and its components in the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. We further discuss the observed unspecific cytotoxicity of melittin that strongly restricts its therapeutic use and review interesting possibilities of a beneficial use by selectively targeting melittin to cancer cells.
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